Contents

Acknowledgments. 6 0 ee 1x
Chapter 1
Era of Colonial Rule (1849-1870) 2... ee 1
Vancouver Island—The colony ........ 2... 00. pee ee ee 1
B.C.—The colony 2... 6
Convictlabour 2. 9
Prison conditions 2... 10
Chapter 2
Era of Punishment (1871-1949) 2... ee 15
Confederation 2... 15
The Auburn system 2. 16
Growth and accountability in prisons 2... 17
Chain gangs and prisoners atwork 2. ee 17
The “proper management of Gaols? ww 18
First Prisons Report, 1879 2 2 20
Construction boom in prisons and lockups 2... 23
Prison discipline for staff. oe 26
Reformatory prisons and juvenile offenders 6 6 ee ee 27
Standards of practice 6 28
Discipline and punishment 2 1. ee 31
Industrial schools 1 we 33
Overcrowding and other prison troubles 2... ee 36
Expansion and change: Oakalla and other initiatives 2... .........000, 37
The first warden at Oakalla 2... 38
Private agencies and experimental programs 6 6.) ee ee 43
Probation 6 49
Reviving the Borstal program 6. 50
Culmination of anera 2. 53
Chapter 3
Era of Rehabilitation (1950-1969) 2... ee 57
The British Columbia Gaol Commission .............. 0.000004 58
Changes in organizational structure 2... 60
Specialized programs we 61
First woman at Young Offenders Unit YOU) ...............004. 62

First forestry camps 6 62