Variability in preventative animal cruelty legislation in Canada

Justice for abused and neglected companion animals in Canada vary in each province and territory, ultimately serving inconsistent penalties to offenders. This study critically examines existing literature and provincial and federal legislation on their repercussions to animal welfare. An extensive review of literature suggested that all levels of legislation provide weak justice for domesticated animals across Canada. The content of the literature assessed were evaluated for their reliability and validity. The academic journals selected for this research were then examined to discover coherent themes. After analysis of the existing literature, it was concluded that provincial legislation is more effective in convicting animal cruelty offenders. Meanwhile, the legislation is outdated to coexist with current societal standards. Moreover, populated provinces such as Ontario provide stronger legislation than smaller populated provinces and territories throughout Canada.